Technical Cybersecurity
Introduction
Employees can be a business’s greatest cybersecurity asset or its biggest vulnerability. As modern businesses place greater emphasis on technical cybersecurity defences and controls, cyber attackers are increasingly focusing on the ‘human factor’ by targeting employees.
It’s often said that a business is only as secure as its least informed employee. No matter how much a business has invested in cybersecurity, the unfortunate truth is that it can all be undone in seconds by a single employee who lacks a basic understanding of cybersecurity. This is why building a “securityaware culture” within an organisation is not just a high return on investment, but a cybersecurity necessity.
What Is a Security-Aware Culture?
In essence, a security-aware culture is an organisational environment where everyone—from the C-suite to the frontline employees—understands the significance of cybersecurity and actively participates in improving it. Before we dive into how to create such a culture, let’s look at its defining elements.
Comprehensive Understanding:
First and foremost, a security-aware culture is built on knowledge. Employees are not just given a list of dos and don’ts; they understand the reasoning behind these guidelines. For instance, instead of just knowing that they shouldn’t click on suspicious links, staff should know what phishing is, how it works, and what the potential risks are.
Because social engineering is always evolving, lists of dos and don’ts quickly become outdated. However, an understanding of the reasoning behind the list builds resilience that can be applied to future variations of attacks.
Consistent Application
A security-aware organisation doesn’t just think about security once a year during the annual training session; it seamlessly integrates security into daily operations. Whether it’s adhering to strong password policies or verifying the identity of clients before sharing sensitive information, security practices must be consistently applied in every location, from the breakroom to the boardroom, to be effective in mitigating risk.
Proactive Stance
A security-aware culture isn’t reactive; it’s proactive. This means not waiting for a security incident to occur before acting. Employees should be equipped to recognise and mitigate risks, and there should be clear channels for reporting potential issues.
Shared Responsibility
In a security-aware culture, everyone feels responsible for the organisation’s cybersecurity. It’s a collective effort that transcends departmental boundaries. Customer service representatives are as involved as the IT specialists, understanding that a breach in one area could compromise the entire operation.
Building Blocks of a Security-Aware Culture
Creating a security-aware culture goes beyond holding a few training sessions or installing the latest antivirus software. It takes a comprehensive approach that combines a wide range of strategies, policies, and behaviours. Below are the critical elements to consider:
Leadership Commitment
A commitment to cybersecurity must take a top-down approach, with business leaders demonstrating their commitment not only through budget allocations for security infrastructure but also in the way they engage with their teams.
Action Steps for Leaders:
1. Clearly communicate the importance of cybersecurity to all staff.
2. Prioritise cybersecurity initiatives in strategic planning.
3. Be transparent about the state of the organisation’s cybersecurity posture and any steps being taken to improve it.
Employee Education and Training
Employees are the first line of defence against cyber threats. However, they can only protect the business if they understand what to look out for and how to react. Education and training should not be one-off events but an ongoing process.
Action Steps for Employee Training:
1. Conduct a regular training series on cybersecurity best practices.
2. Use real-world examples or simulations to demonstrate potential threats.
3. Test employee knowledge and awareness through periodic assessments or simulated attacks like phishing exercises.
Policy Development and Enforcement:
Clear policies form the backbone of any security-aware culture. These should outline acceptable uses of company resources, data handling protocols, and procedures to follow in the event of a security incident.
However, long, boring documents are easily skimmed and quickly forgotten. Businesses should use plain English, quick reference guides, examples of acceptable and unacceptable uses, and even supporting materials like videos.
Where possible, policies should be enforced not only by employee agreement but also by technical limitations and controls. Humans will always make mistakes, and helping staff avoid breaching policies with technology is an important step to ensure the risk of cybersecurity incidents is minimised.
Action Steps for Policy Development:
1. Develop comprehensive cybersecurity policies, detailing expectations and responsibilities for everyone.
2. Distil these policies into easily understandable formats that employees can digest and engage with.
3. Regularly update the policies to reflect new threats or changes in business operations.
4. Ensure that all employees are aware of the policies and have easy access to them.
5. Support policy enforcement with technology and appropriate technical controls wherever possible.
Continuous Assessment and Adaptation:
The cybersecurity landscape never stops evolving, and organisations must constantly adapt to keep up with new types of threats and vulnerabilities.
Action Steps for Continuous Assessment:
1. Regularly audit your cybersecurity measures to identify weaknesses.
2. Keep abreast of the latest cybersecurity trends and threats.
3. Update your security policies and training programs accordingly.
By starting with these building blocks, organisations can cultivate an environment where cybersecurity is not seen as a chore or an imposition, but rather a vital part of daily operations. Establishing such a culture has benefits that range from thwarting cyberattacks to fostering trust and reliability among staff and clients.
Benefits of a Security-Aware Culture
Decreased Risk of Security Breaches:
Employees who are educated about the dangers of clicking on suspicious links or unwittingly sharing sensitive information are less likely to make these costly errors. When every employee is vigilant and informed about cybersecurity risks, the organisation is much less likely to fall victim to attacks such as phishing, ransomware, or data breaches.
Increased Operational Efficiency:
Efficiency is the cornerstone of a successful business, and a robust cybersecurity culture contributes to this by minimising disruptions due to security incidents. With a security-aware culture, attacks such as phishing and ransomware, which could otherwise result in a multi-day full business disruption, can be minimised to simply deleted emails.
Improved Brand Reputation:
Trust is a valuable commodity. Customers and clients are increasingly concerned about how their data is being handled and protected. By establishing a reputation for robust cybersecurity, a business can demonstrate a commitment to safeguarding customer and client data and set itself apart from its competition.
Compliance and Regulatory Advantages:
Regulatory bodies around the world are becoming stringent about data protection and cybersecurity. A securityaware culture can ease the process of compliance with these regulations, reducing the costs of compliance and audits, and even saving businesses from hefty fines and legal complications.
Case Studies in Security-Aware Culture
Real-world examples serve as valuable cautionary tales that underscore the need for a proactive approach to cybersecurity. These case studies are not meant to scare but to educate and illustrate the significant risks that come from failing to build a security-aware culture.
Case Study 1: A Costly Click
An Australian SME in the financial sector fell victim to a phishing attack in 2022 when an employee clicked on a seemingly harmless, urgent invoice attached to an unexpected email. Had the business been more security aware, it’s likely the email would have been dismissed and deleted; however, it wasn’t, and the malware encrypted valuable financial data, holding it hostage.
The ransom demand was substantial, and the business had to weigh the cost of paying the criminals against losing crucial data. Eventually, they paid, but at a high cost to both their budget and their reputation. Post-incident analysis revealed that the staff was not adequately trained to identify phishing attempts, highlighting a glaring need for a security-aware culture.
Case Study 2: Reputation on the Line
A small online retailer suffered a significant data breach that exposed customer information, including credit card details. The business faced legal repercussions, and the fallout severely damaged its reputation. Potential customers were deterred, and existing clients lost faith. It took the company years to recover and regain consumer trust, even after it made massive investments in enhancing its cybersecurity measures. Had there been a security-aware culture, employees would have been on guard against placing sensitive data in unsecured areas, and the breach could have been avoided.
Case Study 3: The High Cost of Ignorance
A small NDIS healthcare provider was not fully aware of the regulatory requirements concerning patient data protection. The organisation faced severe penalties when it failed a compliance audit, mainly due to inadequate cybersecurity measures and staff unawareness about handling sensitive patient data securely. The financial blow from the fines and the cost of bringing their systems up to standard nearly led to the business’s collapse.
Conclusion
As the global community becomes more and more connected thanks to the ever-expanding rollout of internet infrastructure, the importance of cybersecurity cannot be overstated.
For SMEs, which have long been the ‘lowhanging fruit’ first targeted by cybercriminals, investing in a robust cybersecurity infrastructure is essential. However, infrastructure alone is not enough—a truly resilient organisation is backed by a security-aware culture that spans every aspect of its operations, from the breakroom to the boardroom. This culture transforms cybersecurity from a mundane technical requirement into day-to-day habits and deep understanding.
Cultivating a security-aware culture does more than fend off cyber-attacks. It can improve operational efficiency, enhance brand reputation, and foster employee engagement. In a world of increased risks, evolving cyber threats, and tight regulatory requirements, there’s never been a more critical time to foster a security-aware culture.
To build this culture, organisations must focus on the building blocks discussed in this paper: leadership commitment, ongoing employee education and training, clear and enforceable policies, and continuous assessment and adaptation. Together, these create an environment where cybersecurity is part of the organisation’s DNA, ingrained in every action and decision.
While the cybersecurity landscape will continue to evolve, posing new challenges and risks, a well-informed, vigilant, and proactive organisation will always stand a better chance against cyber threats. Start building a securityaware culture today, because the stakes are too high to do otherwise.